Syringomyelia - Diagnosis and Treatment

di Klekamp - Samii • 2002 • dettagli prodotto

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DESCRIZIONE

Contents1 Introduction 11.1 Definitions of Cord Cavitations 11.2 History of Syringomyelia 41.2.1 Review of Pathophysiological Hypotheses 71.2.1.1 Dysraphic Hypothesis 71.2.1.2 Neoplastic Hypothesis 71.2.1.3 Inflammatory Hypothesis 71.2.1.4 Ischemic Hypothesis 81.2.1.5 Hematomyelic Hypothesis 81.2.1.6 Secretory Hypothesis 91.2.1.7 Transudation Hypothesis 91.2.1.8 Hydrodynamic Hypothesis 91.2.1.9 Pressure Dissociation Hypothesis 101.2.1.10 Transmedullary Hypothesis 111.2.1.11 Edema Hypothesis 11References 112 The Pathophysiology of Syringomyelia 172.1 Anatomical Background 172.2 Fluid Movements in the Extracellular andSubarachnoid Spaces 182.3 Tethered Cord and Extracellular Space 182.4 Pathophysiological Concept 192.5 Disorders Associated with Syringomyelia 21References 223 Syringomyelia Associated with Diseasesat the Craniocervical Junction 273.1 Chiari Malformations 273.1.1 Clinical Presentation 303.1.2 Neuroradiology 343.1.2.1 Craniocervical Junction 343.1.2.2 Spine and Spinal Cord 373.1.3 Neurophysiology 393.1.4 Surgical Management 433.1.4.1 Hydrocephalus and Chiari Malformation 433.1.4.2 Decompression for Chiari I Malformation 463.1.4.3 Decompression for Chiari II Malformation 523.1.4.4 Basilar Invagination and Chiari Malformation 563.1.4.5 Craniocervical Instability and Chiari Malformation 593.1.4.6 Degenerative Changes of the Spineand Chiari Malformation 593.1.5 Postoperative Outcome 623.1.5.1 Complications 623.1.5.2 Radiological Results for Chiari I Malformation 653.1.5.3 Clinical Results for Chiari I Malformation 653.1.5.4 Postoperative Results for Chiari II Malformation 723.1.6 Management of Clinical Recurrences of Chiari Malformations 733.1.7 Conclusions for Patients with Chiari Malformations 84References 853.2 Rhombencephalic Malformations 923.2.1 Dandy-Walker Malformation 923.2.2 Atresia of Foramina of Luschka and Magendie 94References 973.3 Foramen Magnum Arachnoiditis 983.3.1 Clinical Presentation 983.3.2 Neuroradiology 1013.3.3 Surgical Management 1013.3.4 Postoperative Outcome 103References 1043.4 Intracranial Tumors 106References 1094 Syringomyelia Associated with Diseases of the Spinal Canal 1114.1 Syringomyelia Related to Spinal Arachnoid Scarring 1114.1.1 Clinical Presentation 1124.1.1.1 Posttraumatic Syringomyelia 1124.1.1.2 Postinflammatory Syringomyelia 1154.1.2 Neuroradiology 1164.1.3 Neurophysiology 1264.1.4 Surgical Management 1274.1.4.1 Arachnolysis and Decompression of the Spinal Canal 1274.1.4.2 Surgical Strategy for Patients with Additional Degenerative Spinal Disease,Kyphotic Angulations, or Spinal Instabilities 1334.1.4.3 Implantation of a Syrinx Shunt 1334.1.5 Postoperative Outcome 1374.1.5.1 Complications 1374.1.5.2 Radiological Results 1374.1.5.3 Clinical Results 1384.1.6 Management of Clinical Recurrencesof Spinal Arachnoid Scarring 1454.1.7 Conclusions for Patients with Spinal Arachnoid Scarring 152References 1524.2 Syringomyelia Related to Tumors of the Spinal Canal 1574.2.1 Intramedullary Tumors 1574.2.1.1 Clinical Presentation 1584.2.1.2 Neuroradiology 1584.2.1.3 Surgical Management 1594.2.1.4 Postoperative Outcome 1654.2.2 Extramedullary and Epidural Tumors 170References 172Contents X4.3 Syringomyelia Related to Spinal Dysraphism 1744.3.1 Clinical Presentation 1744.3.2 Neuroradiology 1764.3.3 Surgical Management 1814.3.4 Postoperative Outcome 184References 1874.4 Syringomyelia Related to Diseases of the Spine 1884.4.1 Degenerative Diseases 1884.4.2 Spinal Scoliosis 190References 192Subject Index 193